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	<title>Boolean Black Belt &#187; Resume Sourcing vs. Cold Calling</title>
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	<link>http://www.booleanblackbelt.com</link>
	<description>Leveraging social networks, resume databases, and the Internet for sourcing and recruiting</description>
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		<title>Why Boolean Search is Such a Big Deal in Recruiting</title>
		<link>http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/2009/06/why-boolean-search-is-such-a-big-deal-in-recruiting/</link>
		<comments>http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/2009/06/why-boolean-search-is-such-a-big-deal-in-recruiting/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2009 12:00:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Boolean Black Belt</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Boolean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Recruiting Technology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Resume Sourcing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Resume Sourcing vs. Cold Calling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sourcing and Recruiting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Talent Mining]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Advantages of Boolean Search]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Boolean Resume Search]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Boolean Search]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Boolean Search for Candidates]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Boolean Search Strings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Boolean searching]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Candidate Qualification Variables]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cold Calling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Controlling Candidate Variables]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[E-Recruiting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[E-Sourcing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LinkedIn]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Recruiting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Referral Recruiting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Resume Search]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Searching for Resumes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sourcing]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/?p=2878</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In recent posts I&#8217;ve explained the Boolean Black Belt concept and exposed what I feel is the real &#8220;secret&#8221; behind learning how to master the art and science of leveraging information systems for talent identification and acquisition.
Now I would like to show you precisely WHY Boolean search is such a big deal in recruiting. There are [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="tweetmeme_button" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;"><a href="http://api.tweetmeme.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.booleanblackbelt.com%2F2009%2F06%2Fwhy-boolean-search-is-such-a-big-deal-in-recruiting%2F"><img src="http://api.tweetmeme.com/imagebutton.gif?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.booleanblackbelt.com%2F2009%2F06%2Fwhy-boolean-search-is-such-a-big-deal-in-recruiting%2F" height="61" width="51" /></a></div><p><a href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/bullseye-by-bitsofreality-via-creative-commons.jpg"><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-2902" title="bullseye-by-bitsofreality-via-creative-commons" src="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/bullseye-by-bitsofreality-via-creative-commons.jpg" alt="" width="240" height="180" /></a>In recent posts I&#8217;ve explained the <a class="wp-caption-dd" title="What is a Boolean Black Belt?" href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/2009/05/what-is-a-boolean-black-belt/" target="_blank">Boolean Black Belt concept</a> and exposed what I feel is <a class="wp-caption-dd" title="How to become a Boolean Black Belt" href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/2009/06/how-to-become-a-boolean-black-belt-or-e-recruiting-expert/" target="_blank">the real &#8220;secret&#8221;</a> behind learning how to master the art and science of leveraging information systems for talent identification and acquisition.</p>
<p>Now I would like to show you precisely WHY Boolean search is such a big deal in recruiting. There are 2 main factors: #1 candidate variable control and #2 speed of qualified candidate identification.</p>
<p>The goal of this article is to shed significant light on the science behind talent mining, how it can lead to higher productivity levels (more and better results with less effort), why I am so passionate about e-sourcing/e-recruiting, and why everyone in the HR, recruiting, and staffing industry should be as well.</p>
<h3>Control is Power</h3>
<p>Talent identification is arguably the most critical step in recruiting life cycle &#8211; you can’t acquire and hire someone you haven’t found and identified in the first place.</p>
<p>My experience has shown me that properly leveraging deep sources of talent/candidate data (ATS/CRM&#8217;s, resume databases, LinkedIn, etc.) can enable recruiters to more quickly identify a high volume of well matched and qualified candidates than ANY OTHER METHOD of candidate identification and acquisition (e.g., cold calling, referral recruiting, job posting).</p>
<p>The true power of Boolean search lies in the intrinsically high degree of control over critical candidate variables that using Boolean strings to search deep data sources such as resume databases, the Internet, and social media affords sourcers and recruiters. Applying that that high degree of control to large populations of candidates &#8211; tens of thousands (small internal ATS, niche resume database) to tens of millions (large ATS/CRM, Monster resume database, LinkedIn, etc.) enables adept e-sourcers/e-recruiters to perform feats of talent identification and acquisition most would think impossible.</p>
<h3>Candidate Variables Defined</h3>
<p>The match between a candidate and a specific job opening can be expressed as a combination of these 5 basic variables: Location, Skills (Experience/Education), Opportunity, Compensation, and Availability. There are certainly other factors at play when it comes to determining the right match between a candidate and a particular opportunity (e.g., cultural fit). However, these are the &#8220;big bucket&#8221; variables which render the rest pointless if they are not satisfied.</p>
<h3>Control What You Can</h3>
<p>Ultimately, the best match between an employer&#8217;s hiring need and a candidate is one where there is very close alignment between a candidate&#8217;s variables and those of the particular job opportunity.</p>
<p>Most job openings have a fixed set of variables &#8211; sourcers and recruiters don&#8217;t often have the opportunity to control or change the location of the position, the skills/experience/education required, the specific opportunity (the type of work involved in the position, the company/team culture, opportunities for growth/advancement, etc.), the compensation associated with the position, and when the position becomes available (open and ready to hire).</p>
<p>However, when it comes to searching deep sources of human capital data that support Boolean queries (such as your ATS/CRM, online resume databases, LinkedIn, etc.) to identify potential candidates for any particular job opening, sourcers and recruiters CAN exercise a significant degree of control over critical candidate matching variables.</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s a preview:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/controlling_candidate_variables_medium2.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2892" title="controlling_candidate_variables_medium2" src="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/controlling_candidate_variables_medium2.png" alt="" width="500" height="299" /></a></p>
<h3>Controlling Candidate Variables Through Boolean Search</h3>
<p><span id="more-2878"></span></p>
<h4>Location</h4>
<p>When it comes to using resume databases (internal or online), sourcers and recruiters have nearly complete control over the location of the candidates identified &#8211; finding people in specific zip code ranges or by using a combination of area code and address search. A small percentage of the time, candidates with resumes not updated in the past 6-12 months may have moved from the address on their resume, but this is a fractional minority. Although using Boolean search strings to identify candidates in resume databases or online affords specific control over the location of candidates identified, there is less direct control over the commute tolerance/preference of the candidates – that can only be reliably determined by contacting each candidate. However, sourcers and recruiters can target people who live very close to the location of the job opportunity (5-15 miles), increasing the likelihood of solving the commute variable.</p>
<h4>Skills/Experience/Education</h4>
<p>Sourcers and recruiters can run Boolean strings when searching resume databases to precisely target specific experience, years of experience, education, certifications, environment/project, and industry experience. Those who are particularly adept at Boolean search can even achieve semantic search by crafting Boolean strings that go well beyond buzzword matching and target specific responsibilities, or in other words, what the candidates have actually done as well as what they have done it with. Although resumes are far from a perfect medium for accurately or wholly representing skills, experience, and capability, a well stocked resume database affords sourcers and recruiters the ability to run Boolean queries to quickly find candidates with highly specific experience closely matching the required skills and experience of the position being recruited for.</p>
<h4>Desired Opportunity</h4>
<p>Although sourcers and recruiters using Boolean search strings to mine talent from resume databases cannot precisely predict what candidates will want to do in their next career move, a resume or very detailed social media profile often affords significant insight into a possible “career trajectory.” In other words, a project manager over software development is likely to be interested in a similar role, or one that is a slight step up in responsibility. Similarly, a 3 year staff accountant is likely to be interested in a role as a staff accountant, or perhaps the next step up. Adept sourcers and recruiters can run Boolean strings to specifically target candidates who have experience similar to the work to be performed in the role being recruited for, increasing (but certainly not wholly controlling) the chances that candidates identified would be interested in the type of position they are recruiting for.</p>
<h4>Compensation</h4>
<p>As with the opportunity variable, sourcers and recruiters cannot precisely control the compensation requirements of candidates identified. However, resumes do enable recruiters to predict, to some extent, the desired compensation of candidates based on years of experience and market knowledge, and sourcers and recruiters can run Boolean search strings to target candidates with specific years of experience.</p>
<p>For example, in a given metro area, recruiters are likely to know what staff accountants with 3-5 years of experience (or software engineers with 3-5 years of Java programming, etc.) are being paid by most local employers, and from experience, what those types of candidates are looking for in terms of compensation when making a career move. Although this is certainly not precise control, it does allow some degree of control. Also, when reviewing resumes in a database, recruiters can make the educated decision not to call candidates with 10-12 years of accounting or Java programming (unless they want to ask for referrals), and specifically target and contact candidates with 3-5 years of experience instead.</p>
<h4>Availability</h4>
<p>When searching databases and online sources of candidates, there is no way to reliably predict or control whether or not people identified via Boolean search strings are available or open to make a career move at the time they are identified. However, when using online job board resume databases, searching for candidates with resumes posted within the past 30 days does increase the probability that the candidates identified are looking (actively or passively) to make a career move.</p>
<h3>In Comparison: Cold Calling and Referral Recruiting</h3>
<p>While cold calling and referral recruiting are tried and true methods of identifying talent, and I would never suggest that they be avoided &#8211; I&#8217;d like to expose the intrinsic ROI limitations they afford sourcers and recruiters, primarily the inability to control critical candidate variables.</p>
<h4>Location</h4>
<p>When it comes to cold calling into companies to source and identify potential candidates, there is very little control over where the candidates live. When calling into a company, you know where the candidates work, but the candidates could live anywhere within a 20, 30, 40, or even larger mile radius from that company location &#8211; in ANY direction. Because there is no way to know exactly where the people you are calling live prior to sourcing them, there is no way to significantly control the Location variable of the potential candidates, and each person identified will likely have a different commute tolerance/preference which is based specifically on where they currently live, not where they currently work.</p>
<p>As for referral recruiting, when we ask other people who they would recommend &#8211; we can neither control where the potential referred candidates work nor where they live, so there is even less location-specific control offered by referral recruiting over cold calling.</p>
<h4>Opportunity</h4>
<p>When cold calling into companies or referral recruiting to identify candidates, there is no way to predict or control what each person identified will be most interested in doing in their next career move.</p>
<h4>Compensation</h4>
<p>When cold calling into companies or referral recruiting to identify candidates, there is no way to control or predict what each person’s current compensation is, nor is there any way to predict their desired compensation. Even sourcing by title will not accurately or consistently predict the years of experience and specific responsibilities of each person identified prior to contacting them.</p>
<h4>Experience/Capability</h4>
<p>When cold calling into companies or seeking referrals in an effort to identify potential candidates, there is no way to predict or control each person’s capability to perform the responsibilities of the position being sourced for. Although you could ask for someone if they can recommend/refer to you a person with a specific title or experience, you simply can&#8217;t control actual experience of the people referred or identified, nor is there any way to control their career history, years of experience, education, or certifications.</p>
<p>The one aspect of experience/capability that can be controlled through cold calling is industry-related experience – if you call into a pharmaceutical company, you can be assured that everyone you identify has experience working in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the same cannot be said for referral recruiting, as there is no reliable way to control the specific industry of the people who are offered as referrals. Either the people you are seeking referrals from know of someone with the appropriate skills and experience and will recommend them to you or not. In either case, you are not the one in control &#8211; you are completely dependent upon each person you attempt to network with. </p>
<h4>Availability</h4>
<p>There is no way to reliably predict or control whether or not people identified via cold calling and referral recruiting are available or open to make a career move at the time they are identified. Although you could ask people if they can recommend people who might be looking, whether or not they actually do know people who might be looking to make a change is not under your control, and the specific availability status of any referred candidate cannot be predicted or determined prior to actually speaking with the candidate.</p>
<h3>Job Posting</h3>
<p>For sourcers and recruiters &#8211; posting a job affords absolutely no control over critical candidate variables, as you are 100% at the mercy of other people finding and responding to the posting. Anyone with any experience in the HR/Recruiting/Staffing industry knows that very few people who apply to positions are well matched across the 5 critical candidate variables with regard to the position they apply for. When you post a job online, you simply cannot control who will respond, what their skills/experience/education will be, or even where they live.</p>
<p>While not truly representative of any degree of control, when people respond to a job posting &#8211; it is often because they are actively (or perhaps passively, depending on your definition) looking for a change of employment from their current employer or their unemployed status. After all &#8211; if someone is looking at job postings, they&#8217;re considering their options to a lesser or greater extent. So if your sourcing and recruiting strategy targets active candidates, this is the only bright spot when it comes to using job postings to identify potential candidates. However, just because someone responds to your job posting &#8211; it does not necessarily indicate that they are truly and unconditionally available to make a change. </p>
<h3>Candidate Variable Control: Comparison of Sourcing Methods</h3>
<p>In review, let&#8217;s take another look at the comparison of Boolean search vs. cold calling, referral recruiting, and job posting as with regard to the degree of control over critical candidate matching variables for talent identification:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/controlling_candidate_variables_medium1.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2887" title="controlling_candidate_variables_medium1" src="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/controlling_candidate_variables_medium1.png" alt="" width="500" height="299" /></a></p>
<p>Using Boolean search strings to identify and mine talent from private and online sources of talent empowers recruiters with the ability to apply a significant degree of control over the location, skills, experience, education, opportunity, and compensation candidate variables &#8211; more than any other method of talent identification. </p>
<h3>Speed of Qualified Candidate Identification</h3>
<p>The second piece of the puzzle that explains why Boolean search strings coupled with deep sources of candidate data (resumes and detailed social media profiles) is so powerful is the speed at which candidates who closely match the critical variables of a given position can be identified. </p>
<h4>E-Sourcing vis Boolean Search</h4>
<p>Sourcers and recruiters who are competent at crafting Boolean search strings can find quickly find a large volume of candidates that are likely to closely match the 5 critical variables of the position they are seeking to fill. I’ve personally achieved, as well as trained other recruiters to achieve, anywhere from 20-60 well matched candidates identified per hour mining talent with Boolean search strings (20/hour for a very challenging position to 60/hour for positions/skills that are more common).</p>
<p>I&#8217;m talking about finding 20-60 people in 1 hour who have the skills, experience and education required for the position I&#8217;m recruiting for, live in a commutable radius for the location of the position, are highly likely to be attracted to the opportunity, and who are highly likely to be within the compensation range of the position. The only thing left to do is establish contact and a relationship with them, and attempt to solve the final variable &#8211; availability (whether they would accept an offer for the position if they interviewed well and felt it was a strong match).</p>
<h4>Cold Calling/Referral Recruiting</h4>
<p>While cold calling into companies can produce results, it is a slow and laborious process. Cold calling into companies can in some cases quickly yield a high volume of <em>names</em>, but the intrinsically low degree of control over critical candidate variables that cold calling affords sourcers and recruiters severely limits the speed of identifying candidates who closely match the position being recruited for. </p>
<p>Referral recruiting, for many reasons can in produce some of the best candidates &#8211; most companies are proud to brag about the large percentage of referral hires they make. However, referral recruiting is also a slow and unpredictable process – not every person contacted will yield a referral, and even those that do are not statistically likely to closely match all 5 of the critical candidate variables. </p>
<h4>Job Posting</h4>
<p>When it comes to posting jobs to identify potential candidates, it&#8217;s similar to setting a trap. It&#8217;s a 100% passive strategy - the only thing you are in control of is setting the trap. You cannot control what, if anything, actually wanders into your trap, or if anything ever does.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s the same with posting jobs &#8211; some jobs never get any responses. Others do get a large influx of candidate responses, but the probablity that any given person is a close match across the 5 critical candidate variables is intrinsically low.</p>
<h3>Speed of Qualified Candidate Identification: Comparison of Sourcing Methods</h3>
<p><a href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/speed_of_qualified_candidate_identification_medium.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2888" title="speed_of_qualified_candidate_identification_medium" src="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/speed_of_qualified_candidate_identification_medium.png" alt="" width="499" height="339" /></a></p>
<p> </p>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>I hope you now have a much deeper appreciation of the &#8220;method to the madness&#8221; behind leveraging Boolean search strings for sourcing and recruiting and understand why Boolean search is such a big deal in recruiting. There are tangible reasons why using Boolean strings to search private and online repositories of candidates can enable sourcers and recruiters to identify and recruit more well qualified candidates at a faster rate and a higher volume than any other method of candidate identification. Quality X Quantity X Quickness = Results.</p>
<p>Although cold calling and referral recruiting are proven and viable methods of candidate identification (and I would never recommend not performing them), there is no denying that they do not offer sourcers and recruiters a much (or any, in some cases!) control over critical candidate matching variables. They are also intrinsically slow methods of identifying precisely matched and qualified candidates.</p>
<p>Undeniably, talent mining via Boolean search strings affords sourcers and recruiters the ability to exert a high degree of direct control over the specific location of candidates, the skills, experience, and education of candidates, as well as the ability to specifically target candidates who are highly likely to be interested in the opportunity being recruited for, and the compensation offered by the opportunity.</p>
<p>Imagine being able to find a minimum of 20 people in less that 1 hour of research who have the skills, experience and education required for the position you&#8217;re recruiting for, live in a commutable radius for the location of the position, are highly likely to be attracted to the opportunity, and who are highly likely to be within the compensation range of the position. The only thing left to do is &#8220;smile and dial!&#8221; If this sounds crazy or impossible &#8211; trust me &#8211; there are people who can do this day in and day out.</p>
<p>LinkedIn, the Internet, job board resume databases, and most corporate ATS/CRM databases are huge repositories of candidates – many companies have hundreds of thousands to several million resumes stored in their internal resume database. The major online job boards all have 20M+ resumes each, and often have over 100,000 resumes in each major metro area. LinkedIn has over 40M profiles worldwide, and 20M in the U.S. alone.</p>
<p>Large databases afford sourcers and recruiters to benefit from the laws of statisitcs with regard to large sample sizes. If a recruiter or sourcer were looking to hire for a rare skillset or combination of skills and experience that represented only 1/2 of 1% of the available candidates, and they had access to a resume database of 100,000 local candidates &#8211; 1/2 of 1% of 100,000 is 500 people. Eye opening, isn&#8217;t it? If you ever find yourself thinking you&#8217;re working on an impossible position, always remember the candidates you&#8217;re looking for actually DO exist, in more numbers than you would perhaps like to believe. You just need to figure out how to find them!</p>
<p>E-sourcing/e-recruiting via Boolean search strings has the distinct advantages of speed, volume, and controlled accuracy of match across multiple and critical candidate variables which can enable recruiters to perform Just-In-Time delivery of well qualified candidates with less effort. The speed and match precision of searching for candidates with Boolean search strings effectively allows recruiters to produce more accurate results in less time, increasing productivity and reducing response time. Using proven Boolean search/e-sourcing best practices, the probability that any given call will produce the right match is intrinsically higher than any other method of recruiting (cold calling, referral recruiting, networking, user groups, etc.).</p>
<p>Everyone will have their own opinions about the pros and cons of cold calling, referral recruiting, and e-sourcing and which one is the superior method of talent identification &#8211; that debate will rage on indefinitely. However, there is no denying the objective and intrinsic advantages of precise control over critical candidate matching variables and high speed identification of accurately matched candidates that sourcers and recruiters adept at wielding Boolean search strings can achieve when coupled with a resume database of a decent size.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/2009/06/why-boolean-search-is-such-a-big-deal-in-recruiting/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>6</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Resume Databases vs. Cold Calling and Referral Recruiting</title>
		<link>http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/2008/12/resume-databases-vs-cold-calling-and-referral-recruiting/</link>
		<comments>http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/2008/12/resume-databases-vs-cold-calling-and-referral-recruiting/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Dec 2008 16:07:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Boolean Black Belt</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cold Calling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Resume Sourcing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Resume Sourcing vs. Cold Calling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Boolean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Candidate Variable Control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Referral Recruiting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Resume Database Recruiting]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/?p=698</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Resume Database Recruiting vs. Cold Calling and Referral Recruiting
Candidate identification is perhaps the most critical step in the human capital supply chain – you can’t acquire and hire someone you haven’t found and identified in the first place. While many people have their opinions about the pros and cons of cold calling, referral recruiting, and [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="tweetmeme_button" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;"><a href="http://api.tweetmeme.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.booleanblackbelt.com%2F2008%2F12%2Fresume-databases-vs-cold-calling-and-referral-recruiting%2F"><img src="http://api.tweetmeme.com/imagebutton.gif?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.booleanblackbelt.com%2F2008%2F12%2Fresume-databases-vs-cold-calling-and-referral-recruiting%2F" height="61" width="51" /></a></div><p><strong><a href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/chess-bw.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-711" title="chess-bw" src="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/chess-bw-300x188.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="188" /></a>Resume Database Recruiting vs. Cold Calling and Referral Recruiting</strong></p>
<p>Candidate identification is perhaps the most critical step in the human capital supply chain – you can’t acquire and hire someone you haven’t found and identified in the first place. While many people have their opinions about the pros and cons of cold calling, referral recruiting, and resume database sourcing and recruiting, my experience has shown me that properly and effectively leveraging resume databases (internal and/or online) can enable recruiters to more quickly produce a high volume of well matched and qualified candidates in response to manager/client <a class="wp-caption-dd" title="Lean/JIT Recruiting" href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/2008/12/lean-sourcing-and-recruiting-jit-candidate-acquisition/" target="_blank">Pull</a> than any other method of candidate identification and acquisition.  This is primarily due to the inherent high degree of control over critical candidate variables that using Boolean strings to search resume databases affords sourcers and recruiters.</p>
<p>For example, candidates and job openings alike can be expressed as a combination of a few basic variables: Location, Opportunity, Compensation, Experience/Capability, and Availability.</p>
<p><strong>Location:</strong> The location of where the work will be performed in relation to the location of the candidate, representing “commutability.”</p>
<p><strong>Opportunity:</strong> This can include the type of work involved in the position, the company/team culture, opportunities for growth/advancement, etc.</p>
<p><strong>Compensation:</strong> The pay of the position and the desired/required compensation of the candidate.</p>
<p><strong>Experience/Capability:</strong> This is the experience required to be able to perform the responsibilities of the position – candidates must be capable of performing the basic duties and responsibilities required of the job. Education can also be represented here, if required.</p>
<p><strong>Availability:</strong> The time window associated with a vacancy/job opening and a candidate’s availability (and willingness) to change employment</p>
<p>I will refer to these variables using the acronym <strong>LOCEA</strong>.</p>
<p>Ultimately, the best match between a job opening and a candidate consists of the best possible match between the candidate&#8217;s LOCEA variables and those of a particular job opportunity. Because most job openings have a fixed set of LOCEA variables, when it comes to identifying potential candidates for any particular job opening, being able to control or influence the LOCEA variables of candidates is critical.</p>
<p>Let’s take a look at the various methods of sourcing and identifying candidates with regard to the ability to control LOCEA candidate variables.<span id="more-698"></span></p>
<p><strong>Cold Calling and Referral Recruiting</strong></p>
<p><strong>Location</strong><br />
When it comes to cold calling into companies to source and identify potential candidates, there is very little control over where the candidates live. When calling into a company, you know where the candidates work, but the candidates could live anywhere within a 20, 30, 40, or even larger 360 degree mile radius from that company location. Because there is no way to know exactly where the people you are calling live prior to sourcing them, there is no way to significantly control the Location variable of the potential candidates, and each person identified will likely have a different commute tolerance/preference which is based specifically on where they currently live, not where they currently work.</p>
<p>As for referral recruiting, we can neither control where the potential referred candidates work nor where they live, so there is even less location-specific control offered by referral recruiting over cold calling.</p>
<p><strong>Opportunity</strong><br />
When cold calling into companies or referral recruiting to identify candidates, there is no way to predict or control what each person identified will be most interested in doing in their next career move.</p>
<p><strong>Compensation</strong><br />
When cold calling into companies or referral recruiting to identify candidates, there is no way to predict what each person’s current compensation is, nor is there any way to predict their desired compensation. Even sourcing by title will not accurately or consistently predict the years of experience and specific responsibilities of each person identified prior to contacting them.</p>
<p><strong>Experience/Capability</strong><br />
When cold calling into companies or referral recruiting to identify candidates, there is no way to predict or control each person’s capability to perform the responsibilities of the position being sourced for. Although you could ask for someone with a specific title or experience, there is no way to control the actual experience of the people referred or identified, nor is there any way to control their career history, years of experience, education, or certifications.</p>
<p>The one aspect of experience/capability that can be controlled through cold calling is industry-related experience – if you call into a pharmaceutical company, you can be assured that everyone you identify has experience working in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the same cannot be said for referral recruiting, as there is no reliable way to control the specific industry of the people who are offered as referrals.</p>
<p><strong>Availability</strong><br />
There is no way to reliably predict or control whether or not people identified via cold calling and referral recruiting are available or open to make a career move at the time they are identified. Although you could ask people if they know anyone who is looking, this will not always yield results, and the specific availability status of any referred candidate cannot be predicted or determined prior to actually speaking with the candidate.</p>
<p><strong>Resume Database Recruiting</strong></p>
<p><strong>Location</strong><br />
When it comes to using resume databases (internal or online), sourcers and recruiters have nearly 100% control over the location of the candidates identified. A small percentage of the time, candidates with resumes not updated in the past 6-12 months may have moved from the address on their resume, but this is a fractional minority. Although resume database recruiting affords specific control over the location of candidates identified, there is less direct control over the commute tolerance/preference of the candidates – that can only be reliably determined by contacting each candidate. However, sourcers and recruiters can target people who live very close to the location of the job opportunity (5-15 miles), increasing the likelihood of solving the commute variable.</p>
<p><strong>Opportunity</strong><br />
Although sourcers and recruiters using resume databases to identify candidates cannot precisely predict what candidates will want to do in their next career move, a resume does afford insight into a potential “career trajectory.” In other words, a project manager over software development is likely to be interested in a similar role, or one that is a slight step up in responsibility. Similarly, a 3 year staff accountant is likely to be interested in a role as a staff accountant, or perhaps the next step up. Adept sourcers and recruiters can run Boolean strings to specifically target candidates who have experience similar to the work to be performed in the role being recruited for, increasing (but certainly not wholly controlling) the chances that candidates identified would be interested in the type of position they are recruiting for.</p>
<p><strong>Compensation</strong><br />
As with the opportunity variable, sourcers and recruiters cannot precisely control the compensation requirements of candidates identified. However, resumes do enable recruiters to predict, to some extent, the desired compensation of candidates based on years of experience and market knowledge, and sourcers and recruiters can run Boolean search strings to target candidates with specific years of experience. For example, in a given metro area, recruiters are likely to know what staff accountants with 3-5 years of experience (or software engineers with 3-5 years of Java programming, etc.) are being paid by most local employers, and from experience, what those types of candidates are looking for in terms of compensation when making a career move. Although this is certainly not precise control, it does allow some degree of control. Also, when reviewing resumes in a database, recruiters can make the educated decision not to call candidates with 10-12 years of accounting or Java programming (unless they want to ask for referrals), and specifically target and contact candidates with 3-5 years of experience instead.</p>
<p><strong>Experience/Capability</strong><br />
Sourcers and recruiters can run Boolean strings when searching resume databases to precisely target specific experience, years of experience, education, certifications, environmental/project, and industry experience. Those who are particularly adept can even achieve semantic search by crafting Boolean strings that go well beyond buzzword matching and target specific responsibilities, or in other words, what the candidates have actually done as well as what they have done it with. Although resumes are far from a perfect medium for accurately or wholly representing skills, experience, and capability, a well stocked resume database affords sourcers and recruiters the ability to run Boolean queries to quickly find candidates with highly specific experience closely matching the required skills and experience of the position being recruited for.</p>
<p><strong>Availability</strong><br />
Much as with cold calling and referral recruiting, there is no way to reliably predict or control whether or not people identified via searching resume databases are available or open to make a career move at the time they are identified. However, when using online job board resume databases, searching for candidates with resumes posted within the past 30 days does increase the probability that the candidates identified are looking (actively or passively) to make a career move.</p>
<p>Let’s review the degree of control over the LOCEA variables afforded by cold calling, referral recruiting, and resume database searching:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/resume-database-vs-cold-and-referral-recruiting-control.png"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/resume-database-vs-cold-and-referral-recruiting-control-80.png"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-704" title="resume-database-vs-cold-and-referral-recruiting-control-80" src="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/resume-database-vs-cold-and-referral-recruiting-control-80.png" alt="" width="434" height="81" /></a><a href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/resume-database-vs-cold-and-referral-recruiting-control1.png"></a></p>
<p>I&#8217;m sorry that&#8217;s not prettier to look at &#8211; I am still quite new to image manipulation.</p>
<p><strong>Speed of Identification</strong></p>
<p>Next, let’s take a look at the speed at which candidates who closely match the LOCEA variables of a given position can be identified by cold calling, referral recruiting, and resume database searching.</p>
<p><strong>Cold Calling/Referral Recruiting</strong><br />
While effective, cold calling into companies can be a slow and laborious process. And although cold calling into companies can in some cases quickly yield a high volume of names, because of the aforementioned low degree of control over the critical LOCEA candidate variables, the speed of identifying actual candidates who are close potential matches to the position being recruited for is inherently low.</p>
<p>Similarly, referral recruiting is also a slow and unpredictable process – not every person contacted will yield a referral, even those that do are not statistically likely to closely match the LOCEA variables of the position being recruited for.</p>
<p><strong>Resume Database Recruiting</strong><br />
Sourcers and recruiters who are competent at creating Boolean search strings can find quickly find a large volume of candidates that are likely to closely match the LOCEA variables of the position they are seeking to fill. I’ve achieved and seen others I’ve trained achieve anywhere from 40-60 well matched candidates identified per hour using resume databases.</p>
<p>Here is a review of the speed of accurately qualified candidate identification and the volume of accurately qualified candidates that can be generated per hour of effort:</p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/resume-database-vs-cold-and-referral-recruiting-speed-and-volume-80.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-708" title="resume-database-vs-cold-and-referral-recruiting-speed-and-volume-80" src="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/resume-database-vs-cold-and-referral-recruiting-speed-and-volume-80.png" alt="" width="489" height="60" /></a></strong></p>
<p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p>
<p>Although cold calling and referral recruiting are proven, viable and effective methods of candidate identification (and I would never recommend not performing them), there is no denying that they do not offer sourcers and recruiters a high degree of control over critical Location, Opportunity, Compensation and Experience/Capability candidate matching variables, and they are also intrinsically slow methods of identifying precisely matched and qualified candidates.</p>
<p>Using Boolean strings to search resume databases, recruiters have a high degree of direct control over the Location and Experience/Capability candidate variables, and to a large extent the Opportunity variable when identifying candidates to call and recruit. To a lesser extent, it is also possible through Boolean search techniques to control the Compensation variable because the recruiter has direct control over the years of experience the candidate has prior to calling the candidate. It should also be noted that resume database sourcing allows for direct control over the level of education a candidate has, any certifications achieved, and industry specific experience.</p>
<p>Resume databases are typically huge repositories of candidates – many companies have hundreds of thousands to several million resumes stored in their internal resume database or ATS. The major online job boards all have 20M+ resumes each, and often have over 100,000 resumes in each major metro area. Large databases afford sourcers and recruiters to benefit from the statisitcs of large sample sizes. If a recruiter or sourcer were looking to hire for a skillset or combination of skills and experience that represented only 1% of the available candidates and they had access to a resume database of 100,000 local candidates &#8211; 1% of 100,000 is 1000. Even half of 1% of 100,000 is still 500 people. Eye opening, isn&#8217;t it?</p>
<p>For those with access to large resume databases &#8211; internal, online, or both &#8211; with the application of sound Boolean searching techniques and strategies, large volumes of candidates that closely match the Location, Opportunity, Compensation and Experience/Capability variables of any specific job opening can be quickly identified and contacted – up to and over 40 well matched candidates per hour &#8211; even for extremely rare skillsets.</p>
<p>Resume database sourcing and recruiting via Boolean search strings has the distinct advantages of speed, volume, and controlled accuracy of match to multiple and critical candidate variables which can enable recruiters to perform <a class="wp-caption-dd" title="Just-In-Time talent identification and acquisition" href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/2008/12/lean-sourcing-and-recruiting-jit-candidate-acquisition/" target="_blank">Just-In-Time delivery </a>of well qualified candidates with less effort, increasing productivity, and adhering to the Lean principles of Pull, Perfection, Value and Flow. The speed and match precision of searching resume databases with Boolean search strings effectively allows recruiters to produce more accurate results in less time, increasing productivity and reducing response time. Using appropriate resume database search techniques, the probability that any given call will produce the right match is intrinsically higher than any other method of recruiting (cold calling, referral recruiting, networking, user groups, etc.).</p>
<p>Let&#8217;s also be sure to recognize that the large volumes of candidates that can be quickly identified via resume database searching automatically yields a large volume of referral recruiting opportunities quickly.</p>
<p>I hope you enjoyed this objective look at the various methods of talent identification and acquisition.  Although I always had my hunches &#8211; it literally took me 11 years in the industry before I had my &#8220;A-Ha!&#8221; moment and started to examine the candidate variable control factors of the various methods of sourcing and recruiting. Many people have their opinions about the pros and cons of cold calling, referral recruiting, and resume database recruiting and which one is the superior method of talent identification &#8211; that debate will rage on indefinitely. However, there is no denying the objective and intrinsic advantages of precise control over critical candidate matching variables and high speed identification of accurately matched candidates that sourcers and recruiters adept at wielding Boolean search strings can achieve when coupled with a resume database of a decent size.</p>
<p><strong>I&#8217;ll leave you with a lumberjack analogy:</strong></p>
<p>Cold Calling and Referral Recruiting = Axes<br />
Database Recruiting via Boolean Search Strings = Chainsaw</p>
<p>Both will get the job done, and every lumberjack as both tools at their disposal &#8211; but one employs technology that can get the job done faster and with more accuracy.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/hotsaw-competition-by-frarytd.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-730" title="hotsaw-competition-by-frarytd" src="http://www.booleanblackbelt.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/hotsaw-competition-by-frarytd.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="367" /></a></p>
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